PLANT KINGDOM; FILL IN THE BLANK {NCERT BASED}

PLANT KINGDOM QUESTION 

1] _______ classification system is based on evolutionary relationship between the various organism.

2] Asexual reproduction is the production of different types of ________.

3] In gymnosperm, the male & female strobili are borne on different tree- __________.

4] The ________ plant produce gametes by mitosis.

5] The algae are divided into 3 main classes __________, ___________

& ______________.

6] Inside the ovary of flower, _________ is present.

7] The predominant stage of the life cycle of a moss is the _________ which consists of 2 stages.

8] Maximum algae genera represents ___________ life cycle.

9] Algae reproduce sexually by formation of ____________.

10] In pteridophytes, water is required for transfer of male gametes called as ____________.

11] Natural classification was develop by __________ & __________.

12] Example of marine algae food- ________, ________ & _________.

13] The angiosperms are divided into two class- ______________ & _______________.

14] The life cycle of haploid saprophytic plant is termed as ________.

15] The members of Rhodophyceae are called as ________ algae.

16] In flower, pollen grain, after dispersal from the anthers, are carried to the _________ of pistil.

17] Example of mosses- __________, ___________ & ____________.

18] Bryophytes are plant which can live on soil, but dependent on ___________ for sexual reproduction.

19] The gymnosperms seed remain exposed after fertilization thus these plants are called ______________ plant.

20] In gymnosperms, the strobili bearing __________ & ____________ are male strobili  

21] _______ are chlorophyll-bearing, simple, thalloid & largely aquatic organism.

22] The pigments of chlorophyceae are localized in definite ______.

23] In gymnosperms, the pollen grain released from the __________. 

24] Algae genera like _________ reprents diplontic life cycle.

25] The common members of red algae are __________, _________, ___________ & __________.

26] Each embryo sac in flower has a three celled ______________.

27] ________ form dense mats on the soil, they reduce impact of falling rain & prevent soil erosion.

28] The gymnosperms produce microspores & megaspores which are produce in microsporongia & megasporongia borne on the _______________.

29] Bryophytes are thallus like& prostrate or erect and attached to substratum by _____________.

30] The pteridophytes are further classified into four types- ________, ____________, _____________ & _____________.

31] The Algae reproduce by ________, _________ & __________.

32] ________, one of the commercial products are used to grow microbes and in preparation of ice-cream & jelly.

33] The male sex organ in flower is ___________.

34] In sporophyte generation, the haploid spores divide mitotically & form the ______________. 

35] The red algae usually reproduce ________ by fragmentation.

36] During fertilization of flower, the zygote develops into an _______ with one or two cotyledon.

37] The pteridophytes includes ____________ & _________.

38] The plant body of liverworts is ___________ and dorsiventral whereas mosses have upright, slender axis.

39] In gymnosperm, the pollen grain germinate and _____________ release the male gamete where it fuses with the egg cell.

40] In gymnosperms, the microspores develop into male gametophytic generation which is highly reduced and called as _______________.

41] Sexual reproduction occur between fusion of two gametes dissimilar in size is called as _________.

42] Most of the members of chlorophyceae have one or more storage bodies called as ________.

43] In angiosperms, the pollen grain & ovule are develop into specialized structure called as ___________.

44] The life cycle of diploid plant is termed as _____________.

45] Bryophytes play important role in plant succession on _________/ __________.

46] In plant, both ________ & ________ cells can divided by mitosis

47] The sporophyte is not free living but attached to photosynthetic ____________ & derives nourishment from it.

48] In pteridophytes, the main body is _________________ where it is differentiated into true root, stem & leaves.

49] In gymnosperms, microsporophylls & megasporophylls- are arranged __________ on the axis to form male cones & female cones.

50] One of the gymnosperms, the giant redwood tree _________ is one of tallest tree species.

51] Five classification of living organism- _________, _______, ________

________ & _________.  

52] Certain marine brown and red algae produce large amount of water holding substance called as ____________.

53] In gymnosperm, the nucleus is protected by envelops and the composite structure is called as __________.

54] Following fertilization in sexually reproducing plant, the zygote divide by mitosis to produce diploid _____________ plant body.

55] Green algae usually have rigid cell wall made up of an inner layer of _________ & outer layer of _________.

56] In flower, each ovule has mother cell that undergo meiosis to produce ________________.

57] In mosses, the ________ stage develop directly from spores which is creeping, green, branched & filamentous.

58] In pteridophytes, the spore germinate to form gametophyte which require _________ & damp place to grow.

59] Following fertilization in gymnosperm, __________ develop into embryo and ___________ into seeds.

60] In pteridophytes, the fusion of male gamete with female egg occurs at ___________ result in formation of zygote.

61] _________ classification is based on chromosome number, structure & behavior.

62] ________ a unicellular alga rich in proteins is used as food supplements even by space traveler.

63] In angiosperms, the dicotyledons are characterized by seeds having ______ cotyledons.

64] Bryophytes & Pteridophytes exhibits ___________ of life cycle.

65] The _________ of the most red algae are multicellular & have complex body organization.

66] In flower, pollen grain, after dispersal from the anther are carried by ________ to the pistil.

67] In pteridophytes, the __________ produces spores by meiosis in spore mother cell. 

68] In pteridophytes, _________ is required for transfer of male gamete to archegonium where zygote is formed after fertilization.

69] In angiosperm, the ___________ produces pollen grain or male gametophyte after meiosis.

70] In gymnosperms, the development of pollen grains take place within the  ______________.

71] The form & size is highly variable, ranging from colonial form like __________ & the filamentous form like _________ & ____________.

72] The members of phaeophyceae are found primarily in ______ habitats. 

73] In gymnosperms, the pollen grain released are carried out by _____________ and come in contact with the megasporophyll.

74] a dominant, independent, photosynthetic, thalloid or erect phase is represented by haploid gametophyte- such pattern is represented by ___________. 

75] Bryophytes include the various ________ & __________ that are found commonly growing in moist shaded areas in the hills. 

76] During fertilization in flower, one male gamete fuses with diploid secondary nucleus to produce ______________________.

77] The plant body of liverworts is thalloid; Example- ___________.

78] In pteridophytes, ____________ is formed after fertilization which produce sporophyte.

79] Within the ovule of angiosperm is the female gametophyte or embryo sac which contain the ___________.

80] Example of Pteropsida { Pteridophytes}- ___________, __________ & ___________.

81] In vegetative reproduction of Algae, each fragment develop into __________.

82] The plant body of phaeophyceae is usually attached to the substratum by a __________.

83] In flower, each stamen consists of thin filamentous with an _________ at tip.

84] _________ are chlorophyll bearing simple, thalloid, autotrophic, and largely aquatic organism.

85] The major pigment of green algae are ________ & ____________.

86] During fertilization of flower, the PEN develops into ____________ which provide nourishment to the developing embryo. 

87] The sporophyte of pteridophytes bear sporangia that are subtended by leaf like appendages called as  ____________.

88] The pistil of angiosperm contain consists of an __________ enclosing one or many ovule.

89] During life cycle of __________ reproducing plant, there is alteration of haploid gametophyte & diploid sporophyte. 

90] In gymnosperms, two kind of spores are produced within ______ that are borne on Sporophylls.

91] Algae carries out at least half of total _________ fixation on earth through photosynthesis.

92] The vegetative cell of phaeophyceae have a cellulose wall usually covered on the outside by gelatinous coating of _______.

93] In angiosperms, the seeds are enclosed in __________.

94] There is alteration of generation in life cycle plant between gamete reproducing haploid gametophyte & _________ producing diploid sporophyte.

95] The main plant body of bryophytes is _____________. 

97] The female sex organ of bryophytes is flask shaped & produce a _________ egg.

98] The _______________ are the plant in which ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall.

99] In angiosperm, the __________ enter the embryo sac where two male gamete are discharged.

100] Root in some genera of gymnosperm have fungal association in the form of ____________.

101] Cyanobacteria also referred as __________ are not algae any more.

102] In sexual reproduction of phaeophyceae, union of gametes take place in water or within the __________.

103] In gymnosperms, megaspores mother cell divides meiotically to form _______ megaspores. 

104] In sexually reproducing plant, the haploid spores are produce by ___________.

105] ____________ reproduction of chlorophyceae usually take place by fragmentation or by formation of different spores.

106] In flower- out of haploid megaspore, only one regenerate to form __________ & rest denerate.

107] In mosses, the _______ stage bears sex organ and are attached to the soil through multicellular & branched rhizoids.

108] Algae usually reproduce vegtatively by _____________, asexually & also sexually. 

110] In majority of pteridophytes, all the spores are similar kind- such plant are called as _____________.

111] ___________ classification system was based on vegetative & sexual characteristics. 

112] The members of phaeophyceae are commonly called as ____________ algae.

113] In angiosperms, the cotyledons are characterized by _________ venation in leaves.

114] Algae genera like _________, ________ & _________ represented by haplo diplontic life cycle.

115] The predominant pigment in Rhodophyceae is ____________.

116] In flower- pollen grain, after dispersal from the anther are carried to the pistil are called as __________.

117] In pteridophytes, some Sporophylls may form distinct compact structure called _________ or __________.

120] In gymnosperms, the _________  bearing megasporophyll with ovule or megasporongia are called as female strobili 

121] Algae are mostly aquatic organism but also occurs in variety of other habitats- __________, ____________ & __________.

122] The plant body of phaeophyceae of is attached to substratum and has a stalk called as ___________.

123] In gymnosperms, the pollen grain released come in contact with the opening of the _____________ on megasporophyll.

124] Depending upon the type of _________ possessed and the type of _______ stored, algae are divided into three types. 

125] The number of flagellar in green algae are __________.

126] During fertilization in flower, one male gamete fuses with egg cell to produce ________________.

127] The leaves in pteridophytes are small [microphylls] as in ____________ or large [macrophylls] as in ________.

130] Example of Lycopsida {Pteridophytes}- _________ & _________.

131] In asexual reproduction of Algae, __________ are motile & on germination give rise to new plant.

132] The filamentous form of phaeophyceae profusely branched form represent by _______, which may reach height of 100 meters.

133] The female sex organ in a flower is the ___________.

134] In sporophyte generation of plant, meiosis in the __________ results in the formation of haploid spores.

135] Red algae reproduce sexually by non-motile __________.

136] In flower, the ___________ & ____________ degenerates after fertilization.

137] Mosses along with _________ are the first organism to colonies rocks & are of great ecological importance.

139] In gymnosperm, the pollen grain germinate to release male gamete into __________ where it fuses with egg cell.

140] In gymnosperms, the spores are arranged spirally along an axis to form lax or compact _________.

141] Example of fusion between one large, non motile female gamete & a smaller, motile male gamete- __________.

142] The _________ of phaeophyceae contains plastids, centrally located vacuole & nucleus.  

143] In angiosperms, example of small tree- ____________.

145] The plant body of bryophytes is attached to the substratum by unicellular or multicellular _____________.

146] In flower- each embryo sac has egg apparatus….. one _______ & two ___________.

147] In Bryophyte, zygote do not undergo reduction division but they produce multicellular body called __________.

150] In gymnosperm, small specialized roots called _________ are associated with N2 fixing cynobacteria.

151] Earlier classification was based on vegetative characters or on the androecium structure given by scientist __________.

152] The gametes of phaeophyceae is _________ shaped & bear two laterally attached flagella.

153] In gymnosperms, one of the megaspores enclosed within ______________ develops into a multicellular female gametophyte that bears female sex organ.

154] During the life cycle of _____________ reproducing plant, there is alteration of generation between haploid & diploid plant body.

155] Asexual reproduction of chlorophyceae is by flagellated zoospores produces ____________. 

156] In flower, pistil consists of an __________ at the base.

157] In liverworts, the sporophyte is differentiated into a ________, _________ & ___________.

158] Algae usually reproduce asexually by formation of different types of __________.

160] In pteridophytes, genera like ___________ & __________ produce two kind of spores, such plant are called as _______________.

161] Phylogenetic classification system assumes that organism belongs to same texa have a common ___________.

162] The members of Rhodophyceae are called as ________ algae.

163] In angiosperms, the dicotyledons are characterized by _____________ or ____________ flower ie having four or five members in each whorls. 

165] The male sex organ of bryophytes is called as _____________.

166] During germination of flower- the pollen grain germinate on the stigma & result in development of ______________ grow through the tissue of stigma.

167] In pteridophytes, the main plant body is a ___________ which differentiate into root, stem & leaves.

170] In gymnosperms, the female strobili is also known as _________.

171] A few of marine of Algae such as _________ form massive plant bodies.

172] The filamentous form of phaeophyceae is called as ________.

173] In gymnosperms, the pollen tube carrying male gamete grow towards ___________ in the ovule & discharge their content near the mouth of it.

175] Bryophytes are also called as ___________ of the plant kingdom because they are dependent on water foe sexual reproduction.

176] During fertilization of flower, the male gamete fuses with secondary nucleus to produce _________ PEN.

177] Species of ________ , a moss provide peat that used as fuel & packing material for trans-shipment of living material.

180] Example of Sphenopsida { Pteridophyte}- ______________.

181] Sexual reproduction take place through fusion of two gametes [ Similar in size] called as ____________.

182] the plant body of phaeophyceae has leaf like photosynthetic organ called as _________.

183] In angiosperms, the monocotyledon is characterized by seeds having ________ seeds. 

185] The cell wall of red algae are made up of _________, _________ & ____________.

186] In flower, each embryo sac has egg apparatus, three ________ and two _____________.

187] _____________ reproduction in mosses is by fragmentation & budding in the secondary protonema. 

190] The gymnosperms are hetrosporous and they produce _______ megaspores & microspores. 

191] Algae increases level of dissolved __________ in environment during photosynthesis.

192] Example of phaeophyceae- ____________, _____________, ___________, ___________ & ____________.

193] In angiosperms, example of tallest tree- ___________.

195] Bryophytes produces gametes hence called as ____________.

197] The female sex organ of bryophytes is called as ____________.

200] In gymnosperms, example of unbranched stem- ___________.

201] ___________ classification which is easily carried out using computer is based on number & codes.

202] The sexual reproduction of cholorophyceae  leads to formation of sex cell and it may be ___________, ____________ & ___________.

203] In gymnosperm, the other name of female sex organ is ______.

204] During the life cycle of sexually reproducing plant, there is alteration of generation between haploid & diploid plant body where __________ produce haploid gametophyte.

205] The other name of phaeophyceae is ________ algae.

206] In flower, pistil consists of an long slender ___________ and ___________.

207] Asexual reproduction in liverworts take place by fragmentation of thalli or by the formation of specialized structure called _________.

210] In pteridophytes, the ____________ & ____________ germinate and give rise to female & male gametophyte respectively.

211] ____________ classification is based on chemical constituent of the plant.

212] The members of chlorophyceae are called as _________ algae.

213] In flower- within the anther, the pollen divide to produce microspore which mature into ____________.

215] Majority of red algae is marine & found in the ________ area.

216] During pollination in flower, the pollen tube enter the embryo sac where ______ male gamete are discharged.

217] Pteridophytes are the first terrestrial plant to possess vascular tissue- ____________ & ___________. 

220] In gymnosperms, the other name of male strobili- ___________.

221] Algae also occur in association with Fungi- __________ & animals- _________.

222] Vegetative reproduction of phaeophyceae takes place by ________________. 

223] following fertilization in gymnosperms, zygote develop into _________ and The ovule into ___________.

225] The number of flagellar in brown algae are ________.

226] The polar nuclei of flower eventually fuse to produce a _______  secondary nuclei.

227] Bryophyte are of little economic importance but some mosses provide __________ to herbaceous mammals, birds & other animals.

230] Example of Psilopsida {Pteridophyte}- ____________.

231] Name the gamete {flagellated & similar in size}- ____________.

232] Phaeophyceae vary in color from olive green to various shade of brown depending upon the amount of ___________ pigment. 

233] In angiosperms, the monocotyledons is characterized by having ________ venation in leaves.

234] ____________ generation is represented by one celled zygote.

235] Red algae reproduce asexually by non-motile ___________.

236] In flower- the pollen grain germinate on the stigma & resulting in pollen tube grow through in the tissue of stigma & style and reach the __________.

237] In sexual reproduction of mosses, the sex organ __________ & __________ are produce at the apex of the leafy shoot.

240] In gymnosperms, the ________ tree have needle like leaves which reduce the surface area.

241] Example of fusion of two gamete dissimilar in size- __________.

242] Sexual reproduction of phaeophyceae may be ___________, ____________ & _____________.

243] In angiosperms, the size of eucalyptus is more than ____ meter.

245] The __________ lack true roots, stems or leaves.

247] In Bryophyte, the male gamete and female egg meet in ________ to produce zygote.

250] In gymnosperm, example of branched stem- ____________.

251] Broad classification of living organism was proposed by_______ in ______ year, wherein he suggested 5 broad classification.

252] Example of water holding spell- Brown algae ___________ and Red algae ____________.

253] In _____________, the male & female gametophyte do not have an independent  free living existence.

254] During the life cycle of sexually reproducing plant, there is alteration of generation between haploid & diploid plant body where __________ produce diploid sporophyte. 

255] The example of green algae - _______, _________, __________, __________ & ___________.

256] In flower, each ovule has mother cell that undergo meiosis to produce _____ megaspores.

257] The __________ grow in moist, shady habitats such as banks of stream, marshy grounds, bark of tree & deep in the woods.

260] In pteridophytes, the development of zygote into young embryo take place within female gametophyte and this event is precursor to _________ considered as important step in evalution. 

261] ___________ classification system is based on anatomy, embryology & phytochemistry. 

262] Chlorophyceae are grass green due to dominance of pigment _________ & _________.

263] In flower- within the anther, the pollen mother cell divide by __________ to produce microspore.

265] The food in red algae is stored as _________ starch which is very similar to amylopectin & glycogen in structure.

266] In flower, the other name of egg cell is _________.

267] The __________ are used for medicinal purpose, soil blinders and grown as ornamental.

270] In gymnosperms, the male & female strobili are borne on the same tree- _________.

271] Vegetative reproduction of Algae is by _____________.

272] ___________ reproduction of phaeophyceae in most brown algae is by biflagellate zoospores that are pear shaped.

273] The other name of flowering plant is ______________.

275] ___________ usually occur in damp, humid & shaded localities.

276] Because of occurrence of two fusion, i.e. syngamy and triple fusion- this fertilization is called as ______________ an event unique to angiosperm.

277] Some cell of sporophyte undergo reduction division called ___________ to produce haploid spores which in turn germinate to produce gametophyte.

280] The ____________ are plants in which the ovules are not enclosed by any ovary wall And remain exposed, both, before & after fertilization.  

281] Name the gamete {Non-flagellated & similar in size}- _________.

282] Food of phaeophyceae is stored as complex carbohydrate which may be in the form of _____________ or _____________.

283] In angiosperms, the monocotyledon is characterized by ______ flower having 3 member in each floral whorls.

285] Sexual reproduction of red algae is _________ & accompanied by complex post fertilization development.

286] After fertilization in flower, the ovaries develop into __________.

287] In liverworts, Gemmae are green, multicellular, asexual budsa which develop in small receptacles called __________ located on the thalli.

290] In cycas, the _________ leaves persists for few year.

291] Sexual reproduction take place through fusion of one large, non-motile female gamete & a smaller, motile male gamete is termed as ___________.

292] Agar, obtained from ________ & __________are used to grow microbes and in preparation of ice-cream & jelly.

293] In gymnosperms, male & female gametophytes remain within the ___________ retained on the saporophytes.

294] Example of Haplontic plant- ___________, __________ & _______.

295] Pyrenois contain protein & starch is located in _________ of chlorophyceae.

296] After fertilization of flower, the ovule develop into ___________.

297] Male sex organ of bryophytes produce biflagellate _________.

300] In pteridophytes, the spores germinate to give rise inconspicuous, small but multicellular gametophytes called _______.

PLANT KINGDOM ANSWER 

1] Phylogenetic

2] Spores

3] Cycas

4] Haploid

5] Chlorophyceae, Phaeophyceae & Rhodophyceae

6] Ovule

7] gametophyte

8] Diplontic

9] Gamete

10] Anterozoids

11] George Bentham & Joesph Dalton Hooker

12] Porphra, Laminaria & Sargassum

13] Dicotyledons & monocotyledons

14] Haplontic

15] Red  

16] Stigma

17] Funaria, Polytrichum & sphagnum

18] water

19] Naked seeded

20] Microsporophyll & microsporongia

21] Algae

22] Chloroplast

23] Microsporongium

24] Fucus

25] Polysiphonia, Porphyra, Gracillaria & Gelidium

26] Egg appratus

27] Mosses

28] Sprophyll

29] Rhizoids

30] Psilopsida, Lycopsida, Sphenopsida, Pteropsida

31] Vegetative, asexual & Sexual.

32] Agar

33] Stamen

34] Gametophyte

35] Vegetative

36] Embryo

37] Horsetails & ferns.

38] Thalloid

39] Pollen tube

40] Pollen grains

41] Anisogamous

42] Pyrenoids

43] Flower

44] Diplontic

45] Bare rocks/soils

46] Haploid & Diploid

47] Gametocyte

48] Sporophyte

49] Spirally

50] Sequoia

51] Monera, Protista, Fungi, Animalia & Plantae.

52] Hydrocolloids

53] Ovule

54] Sporophytic

55] Cellulose , Pectose

56] Megaspores

57] Protonema

58] Cool & damp

59] Zygote & Ovule

60] Archegonium

61] Cytotoxonomy.

62] Chlorella

63] 2

64] Haplo-diplontic

65] Red thalli

66] wind

67] Sporongia

68] Water

69] Anther

70] Microsporongia

71] Volvox, Ulothrix & Spirogyra.

72] Marine

73] Air current

74] Bryophytes

75] Mosses & liverworts

76] Primary endosperm nucleus

77] Marchantia

78] Zygote

79] Egg cell

80] Dryopteris, Pteris, Adiantum

81] Thallus

82] Holdfast

83] Anther

84] Algae

85] Chlorophyll a & b

86] Endosper

87] Sporophylls

88] Ovary

89] sexually

90] Sporongia

91] Carbon dioxide.

92] Algin

93] Fruits

94] spore

95] Haploid

97] Single

98] Gymnosperms

99] Pollen tube

100] Mycorrhiza

101] Blue green algae

102] Oogonium

103] 4 

104] Meiosis 

105] Vegetative

106] Embryo sac

107] Leafy

108] fragmentation

110] Homosporous

111] Artificial

112] Brown

113] Reticulate

114] Ectocarpus, kelps & Polysiphonia

115] R-phycoerythrin

116] Pollination

117] Strobili or cones

120] Cones

121] Moist stones, soils & woods.

122] Stipe

123] Ovule borne

124] Pigment & food

125] 2-8

126] Zygote

127] Selaginella & Ferns

130] Selaginella, Lycopodium

131] Zoospores

132] Kelps

133] Pistil

134] Zygote

135] Gametes

136] Synergids & Antipodals    

137]  Lichens

139] Ovule

140] Cones

141] Volvox, Fucus

142] Protoplast

143] Wolffia

145] Rhiziods

146] Egg cell & two synergids

147] Sporophyte

150] Coralloid root

151] Linnaeus

152] Pear 

153] Megasporongium

154] Sexually

155] Zoosporongia

156] Ovary

157] Foot, seta & capsule

158] spore

160] Selaginella, Salvinia & hetrosporous

161] Ancestor

162] Red

163] Tetramerous or pentamerous

165] Antheridium

166] Pollen tube

167] Sporophyte

170] Macrosporangia

171] Kelps

172] Ectocarpus

173] Archegonia

175] Amphibians

176] Triploid

177] Sphagnum

180] Equisetum

181] Isogamous

182] Frond

183] Single

185] Cellulose, pectin, polysulphate esters

186] Antipodal cell & polar nuclei

187] Vegetative

190] Haploid  

191] Oxygen

192] Ectocarpus, Dictyota, Laminaria, Sargassum & Fucus

193] Eucalyptus

195] Gametophyte 

197] Archegonium

200] Cycas

201] Numerical taxonomy

202] Isagamous, anisogomous & oogomous.

203] Archegonia

204] Gamete

205] Brown algae

206] Style & stigma

207] Gamme

210] Megaspores, microspores

211] Chemotaxonomy

212] Green

213] pollen grain

215] Warmer

216] 2

217] Xylem & Pholem

220] Microsporangiate

221] Lichen & Sloth bear

222] Fragmentation

223] Embryo, seed

225] 2

226] Diploid

227] Food

230] Psilotum

231] Ulothrix

232] Xanthophyll

233] Parallel

234] Sporophytic

235] Spores

236] Ovule

237] Antheridia & Archegonia

240] Conifers

241] Udorina

242] Isogamous, Anisogamous, Oogamous

243] 100 meter

245] Bryophytes

247] Water

250] Pinus, cedrus

251] Whittaker [1969]

252] Algin & Carrageen

253] Gymnosperms

254] Spore 

255] Chlamydamonas, Volvax, Ulothrix, Spirogyra, Chara

256] 4

257] Liveworts

260] Seed habit

261] Natural

262] Chlorophyll a & b

263] Meiosis

265] Foridean

266] Syngamy

267] Pteridophytes

270] Pinus

271] Fragmentation

272] Asexual

273] Angiosperms

274] 

275] Bryophytes

276] Double feertilisation

277] Meiosis

280] Gymnosperms

281] Spirogyra

282] Laminarin or Mannitol

283] Trimorous

285] Oogamous

286] Fruit

287] Gamma cups

290] Pinnate

291] Oogamous 

292] Gelidium & Gracillaria

293] Sporangia

294] Volvox, spirogyra & Chlamydomonas

295] Chloroplast

296] Seed

297] Antherozoids

300] Prothallus