Fill in the blanks {Digestive system} NCERT BASED

1. The process of conversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms is called ______________and is carried out by our digestive system by ____________and______________ methods.

2. The human digestive system consists of ___________and associated,_________

3. When tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone, the attachment is called______________

4 Temporary milk teeth is also called ________teeth.

5. The type of dentition in which set of temporary milk teeth is replaced by permanent teeth is called____________

6. Dental formula of human is____________

7. The hard chewing surface of the teeth.  made up of _____________,helps in mastication of food.

8. The tongue is a freely movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the______________

9 The upper surface of tongue has small projection called _____________some of which bear taste buds.

10. The oesophagus leads to ____________shaped bag like structure called stomach.

11. A muscular sphincter that regulates the opening of oesophagus into stomach is___________

sphincter.

12. The oesophagus opens into_________ portion of stomach.

13.___________ portion of stomach opens into the first part of small intestine.______

14. Small intestine is distinguishable into three region, a 'C' shaped__________, a long coiled middle

portion_______________

and a highly coiled

15. The opening of stomach into the duodenum is guarded by the ____________sphincter.

16. Large intestine consist of _________._______and_____

17. _________is a small blind sac which host some symbiotic micro-organism in large intestine.________

18._____________ is a vestigial organ in human that arises from caecum.______

19. The __________part of large intestine is divided into ascending, transverse and descending part._____

20. _____________is the outermost layer of wall of alimentary canal and is made up of a thin _____

21. Muscularis, a layer of wall of alimentary canal, is formed by___________

muscle usually arranged into___

an inner______________

and an outer

_______________layer.

22. In duodenum, ______________glands are present in ____________layer.

23. Mucosa layer forms irregular folds called__________   in the stomach and small finger-like foldings called_________ 

in the small intestine.

24. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the___________

25. Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called_________

26. The cell lining the vill produces numerous microscopic projections called_________giving a __________ appearance 

27. _________ layer of wall of alimentary canal forms gastric glands in stomach and forms

____________in between the bases of villi in the intestine._______

28. ____________is the largest gland of body and has ____________number of lobes

29, ______________are the structural and functional units of liver containing hepatic cells arranged in the form

of______________

30. Each lobule of liver is covered by thin connective tissue sheath called____________

31. The duct of gall bladder is called__________

32. The bile duct and pancreatic duct open together into a duodenum as, ___________ which is guarded by a sphincter called:_________

33. The exocrine portion of pancreas secretes__________ and endocrine portion secretes____________

34. In buccal cavity, the adhered masticated food particles are called____________

35. Swallowing the bolus is also called____________

36._____________ is the successive waves of muscular contraction that helps in movement of bolus in oesophagus.______

37. The saliva secreted into oral cavity contains____________and enzymes salivary amylase and________

38. About _______% of starch is hydrolysed in buccal cavity of salivary amylase into a disaccharide -__________

Salivary amylase

39. Starch ___________Maltose

pH=___________

 40. Peptic cells or____________  cells of gastric gland secrete proenzyme_____________  that gets converted into active enzyme ________in the presence of __________ 

41. Parietal cells of gastric gland also called as_____________ cells secrete HCI and______________

42._______________ factor is essential for absorption of Vit B,, and is secreted by.__________ gland._____

43. The stomach stores food for____________ hours.____

44. In stomach, the food mixes throughly with the acidic gastric juice and is called_______________

45. HCI provides acidic pH of ___________________optimal for pepsins._______

46. ______________is a proteolytic enzyme found in gastric juice of infants which helps in the digestion of ______________proteins.

47 . _____________.___________and ______________ are secretions into small intestine from gall bladder, pancreas and small intestine respectively. _______

48. Trypsinogen is secreted by ____________  and is activated by an enzyme___________ which is secreted by intestinal mucosa_______

49. The bile released into duodenum contains bile pigments, bile salts,__________ and___________

but no enzymes.____

50. Bile helps in ____________of fats and also activate enzyme___________

51. The secretion of the brush border cells of mucosa along with secretion of the goblet cells constitute intesti-

nal juice called as________________

52. The _____________secreted from pancreas provides alkaline pH of ____________in small intestine._____

53. Nurlantirdas_________ Nurlencirle_________+__________ Nucleosidime

54. The fats are converted into ___________and__________

after digestion._____

55. The undigested, unabsorbed food called __________ . enters into the caecum of large intestine through_____________vale

56. The activities of gastro-intestinal tract are under __________and__________ control for proper

coordination of different parts_______

57. In cells of intestinal mucosa micelles are reformed into very small protein coated fat globules called _______which are transported into lymph vessels called________ in the villi,____

58. Maximum absorption occurs in ___________part of alimentary canal._____

59. Absorption of some amount of water, simple sugar and alcohol, etc takes place in___________

60. Faeces in the rectum initiate _________causing an urge or desire for its removal.___

61. Defaecation is a __________process and it is carried out by a mass peristaltic movement._____

62. In jaundice, __________organ is affected and skin and eyes turn yellow due to deposition of____________

63. Vomiting is the reflex action controlled by the vomit centre in the ___________part of brain.____

64. In constipation, faeces are retained within ____________as bowel movements occur irregularly.______

65. Bile pigments present in bile are ___________and_________

66. Name any five major components of our food?____________________

67. Name the process of conversion of complex food substances to simple absorbable forms.

_______________________

68. What does a human digestive system consists of____________________

69. The anterior and posterior opening of alimentary canal in humans is _______and ___________respectively.

70. In humans alimentary canal, the mouth leads to the _______________

71. Correct the following sequence of organs of alimentary canal.

Mouth, Buccal cavity, Stomach, Oropharynx, Oesophagus, Large intestine, Small intestine, Anus

___________________

72. Name two structures found in oral cavity.

____________________

73. Each tooth is embedded in a socket of jaw bone, this type of attachment is called _____________(thecodont/bunodont).

74. Majority of mammals including human being form two sets of teeth during their life, a set of temporary milk or_____________ teeth.  that get replaced by a set of permaner teeth.___________________

75. How many teeth are found in

(i) Human adult___________________

(ii) Human child____________________

76. Permanent teeth in humans are of four different types, i.e.

____________________

77. The presence of different teeth in humans is known as______________ dentition.

78. The arrangement of teeth in each of the upper and lower jaw in the order M, Pm, C, I is represented by a dental formula.

True ⭕

False ⭕

79. Complete the following analogy.

         2123: Human(child):__________ 

Human(adult):: 2123

80. Name the structure which attaches the tongu 

he floor of the oral

cavity. ______________

81. The__________ (palate/papillae) tre small projection on the upper surface of the tongue, some of which bear ___________(taste buds/glandnj

82. The tube of alimentary canal which serves as a mon passage for food and air is called_________________

83. How many of the following structures open intoharynx?

Stomach, Oesophagus, Pancreas, Trachea

___________________

84. A cartilaginous flap called tonsil, prevents the entry of food into the _____________during swallowing.

85. The opening of the windpipe is known as_____________

86. The _____________is a thin, long the which extends posteriorly and passes through the neck, thorax od diaphragm.

87. What is the shape of stomach in humans?________________

88. A muscular gastro-oesophageal sphincter revores the opening of oesophagus into duodenum.

True ⭕

False ⭕

_________________________

89. Where is the J-shaped structure of alimentary canal located in the human body?________________________

90. Stomach has four major parts, i.e.___________________

91. The _________________(fundic/pyloric) portion of humar stomach opens into the first part of ___________  (small/large) intestine.

92. Rearrange the following portions of small intestine from anterior to posterior. Ileum, Duodenum, Jejunum

________________________

93. The opening of the stomach into the duodenum is guarded by the _____________sphincter.

94. The major component of food are _____,_____and_______

95.The process of conversion of complex and large food molecules into smaller and simple absorbable form is called__________

96.Teeth which are present in sockets are called___________

97.Teeth which appear twice in life time are called____________

98.The tongue is a freely movable muscular organ attached to the floor of the oral cavity by the__________

99.The upper surface of the tongue has small projections called_______ some of which bear taste buds.

100.Common passage for food and air is called______

101. A cartilaginous flap called _____________  prevents the entry of food into  

the _______opening of the wind pipe - during_______

102. The stomach, located in the upper--- A ---portion of the abdominal cavity, has four major parts-a ---B--- oesophagus opens, a- ---C--- region portion into which the ---D--- and a ---E--- portion which opens into the first part of small intestine

103.Small intestine is distinguishable into three regions, a 'C' shaped--- A,--- a long coiled middle portion ---B--- and a highly coiled C ---C.----

104._________is small blind sac which hosts some symbiotic microorganisms

105a ___________is the smallest part of small intestine

105. Colon is divided in to four parts_________

106. Colon is divided in to four parts - Ascending, transvers descenting and sign colon____________ is the outermost layer of alimentary canal and

made up of a thin is ____

107. The submucosa of alimentary canal is made up of_________

108. In duodenum glands are present in___________

109. The innermost layer lining the lumen of the alimentary canal is the____________

110. Mucosa layer form irregular folds called ________stomach and

small finger like folding called___________ in  in the small intestine______

111. Villi are supplied with a network of capillaries and a large lymph vessel called the________

112. Name the cells in the mucosal epithelium that helps in lubrication___________

113. How many pair of salivary glands found in human beings?__________

114. Name the three types of salivary glands found in human beings.___________

115. Name the largest gland of the body.____________

116. Name the structural and functional unit of the liver._____________

117. Bile is stored in______

118. Name the duct arise from gall bladder:________

119. In human beings liver is divided into _____lobes

120.The bile duct and the pancreatic duct open together into the

duodenum as the common _________ which is guarded by a sphincter called the _____________

121The exocrine part of pancreas secrets_________  and the endocrine part secretes_________

122. What are the two major functions of buccal cavity?__________

123. _______in saliva helps in lubrication and adhering the masticated food particles into a____________

124. The________ controls the passage of food into the stomach._______

125. Name the enzyme found in saliva.__________

126. Salivary amylase convert______ into_______

127. The chemical process of digestion begins in________

128. Mixture of food and saliva in oral cavity is called__________

129. Name the cells found in gastric glands which secrets the ________proenzyme pepsinogen________

130. Name the factor essential for absorption of vitamin B12_________

131. Mixture of food and gastric juice in stomach is called___________

132. How pepsinogen is converted into pepsin in stomach?__________

Answer

1. digestion; mechanical; biochemical

2. alimentary canal; glands

3. the codont

4. deciduous

5. diphyodont

6. 2123/2123

7. enamel

8. frenulum

9. papillae

10. J

11. gastro-oesophageal

12. cardiac

13. pyloric

14. duodenum; jejunum; ileum

15. pyloric

16. caecum; colon; rectum

17. caecum

18. vermiform appcaecu

19. colon

20. Serosa; mesothelium

21. smooth; circular; longitudnal

22. Brunner; submucosa

23. rugae; villi

24. mucosa

25. lacteal

26. microvilli; brush border

27. Mucosa; crypts of Lieberkuhn

28. Liver; two

29. hepatic lobules; cords

30. Glisson's capsule

31. cystic duct

32. hepato-pancreatic duct; sphincter of Oddi

33. pancreatic juice; hormones

34. bolus

35. degulgition

36. peristalsis

37. electrolytes; lysozyme

38. 30%; maltose

39. 6.8

40. chief; pepsinogen; pepsin; HCI

41. oxyntic; intrinsic factor

42. intrinsic; gastric

43. 4-5

44. chyme

45. 1.8

46. Rennin; milk

47. bile; pancreatic juice; intestinal juice

48. pancreas; enterokinase

49. cholestrol; phospholipids

50. emulsification; Lipase

51. succus entericus

52. bicarbonates; 7.8

53. Nucleotidase; sugars + base

54. fatty acid; glycerol

55. faeces; ileo-caecal

56. neural; hormonal

57. chylomicrons; lacteals

58. small intestine

59. stomach

60. neural reflex

61. voluntary

62. liver; bile pigment

63. medulla

64. rectum

65. bilirubin; biliverdin

66. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.

67. Digestion

68. Alimentary canal and associated glands

69. Mouth, anus

70. Buccal cavity oral cavity

71. Mouth Bucal cavity Oropharynx → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine Large intestine → Anus.

72. Teeth and mular tongue

73. Thecodont

74. Deciduous

75. (i) 32 (ii) 20

76. Incisors, Car es, Premolars, Molars

77. Heterodont

78. False. The a:gement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaw in the or, C, Pm, M is represented by a dental formula.

79.) 2102

80. Frenulum

C-Pulp cavity, D-

81. Papillae, taste buds

82. Pharynx

83. 2(Oesophagus, trachea)

84. Epiglottis, glottis

85. Glottis

86. Oesophagus

87. T-shaped

88. False. A muscular gastro-oesophageal sphincter regulates the opening of oesophagus into' stomach.

89. The J-shaped structure (stomach) of alimentary canal is located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity.

90. (i) Cardiac, (ii) Fundic, (iii) Body, (main central region) (iv) Pyloric

91. Pyloric, small

92. Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum

93. Pyloric

ANSWERS

94. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

95. Digestion

96. thecodont

97. diphyodont

98. frenulum

99. papillae

100. pharynx

101. Epiglottis, glottis.

 swallowing

102. A-Left, B-Cardiac, C-Fundic,

D-body, E-Pyloric

103. A-Duodenum, B-Jejunum,

C-lleum

104. Caecum

105. Duodenum

105a. Ascending, transvers,

descenting and sigmoid colon

106. Serosa, mesothelium

107. Loose connective tissue

108. Submucosa

109. Mucosa

110. Rugae, vill

111. Lacteal

112. Goblet cells

113. Three

114. Parotid, sublingual,

submandibular

115. Liver

116. Hepatic lobule

117. Gall bladder

118.Cystic duct

119. Two

120. Hepato pancreatic duct, sphincter of Oddi

121. Pancreatic juice, hormones

122. Mastication of food, swallowing of food

123.  Mucus, bolus

124. Gastro oesophageal sphincter

125. Salivary amylase

126. Starch, maltose

127. Oral cavity

128. Bolus

129. Chief/zymogen/peptic cell

130. Castle intrinsic factor

131. chyme

132. In the presence of concentrated HCI