FILL IN THE BLANK {BIOMOLECULES} NCERT BASED

Biomolecules

1.) All the carbon compounds that we get from living tissues can be called as_____________

2. ) In amino acid, all the substituent are on the same a-carbon and hence they are called as________________

3.) The R-group is, ___________ . in glycine, methyl group in ____________.amino acid;_____________ and group in serine

4. ) Palmitic acid has______________carbon atoms including carboxy carbon and arachidonic acid has ____________carbon atoms including carboxy carbon.____

5 .) Simple lipid glycerol is actually____________

6.)  Fatty acids are called as fats and oils based on_________________

7. ) Oils have__________ melting point and hence remain as oil in winters._____

8.) ___________ is one of phospholipid present in the cell membrane.____

9.) When nitrogenous bases are attached to a sugar, they are called ____________ When phosphate group also gets attached it is called_______________

10. )The molecular weight of all compound found in acid soluble pool ranges from_________to_________ daltons approximately

11. ) The compound in acid insoluble fraction except ______________ has molecular weight above 10000Da. And these compounds are called_______________

12.)  Each protein is made up of amino acids. As there are_____________

types of amino acid, protein is______________

polymer. _______

13.) ____________is the most abundant protein in animal world and_________ in the whole biosphere.____

14. Cellulose is a_________ polymer.____

15.)  Inulin is a polymer of__________

16.)  In polysaccharides chain, the___________ . end is called reducing end and ______________end is called non- reducing end

17.)  The starch-l, is,____________ in colour.___

18. ) Plant cell walls are made of ____________polysaccharide.____

19.) Paper made from plant pulp and cotton fibre contains________________ polysaccharide mainly.____

20. ) _____________and _________nitrogenous bases constitute purines.___

21. ) A nucleic acid containing__________ is called DNA while that which contain____________ is called RNA.__

22.) ___________ structure of protein is the sequence of amino acids in it._____

23. ) In protein, the first amino acid is also called as ___________  -terminal amino acid and last amino acid is called the___________

-terminal amino acid.___

24. ) In proteins, only _________handed helices are observed.___

25. )____________structure gives the 3-Dimensional view of protein.____

26. ) ___________structure of protein is absolutely necessary for many biological activities of proteins.___

27. ) The adult Hb shows ________structure of protein and it consists of ____________subunits.____

28. ) The two subunits of Hb molecule consist of _________type and two subunits of________ type.___

29.)  In a polypeptide or protein, amino acids are linked by a_____________bond._

30.)  In a polysaccharide, the individual monosaccharide are linked by__________ bond._

31. ) In a nucleic acid, a phosphate moiety links the -_____________carbon of one sugar of one nucleotide to the______________-carbon of the sugar of the succeeding nucleotide.____

32.)  In nucleic acid, the bond between the phosphate and hydroxyl group of sugar is_____________  bond. As  there is one such bond on either side, it is called ___________bond.____

33.)  The backbone of nucleic acid is formed by ___________chain.___

34.)  The nitrogen bases are projected,___________to

 the backbone of nucleic acid._____

35.)  There are ___________ hydrogen bonds between A and T and__________ hydrogen bonds between G and

C.____

36.)  In B-DNA, at each step of ascent the strand turns,__________  and rise per base pair would be____________

A.___

37.) _____________ of biomolecules means that biomolecules are constantly being changed into some other biomolecules and also made from other biomolecules.______

38.)  Together all the chemical reactions involving breaking and making, taking place in organism is called as__________

39. ) The proteins with catalytic power are named as___________

40. Metabolic pathways that lead to a more complex structure from a simpler structure are called as______________ pathway.___

41.)  Metabolic pathways that lead to simpler structure from a complex structure are called as _____________pathway.___

42. ) The metabolic pathway from glucose to pyruvate occurs in __________  metabolic steps and process is called___________

43. ) The most important form of energy currency in living systems is the bond energy in a chemical called____________

44. ) The blood concentration of glucose in a normal healthy individual is ______________mM.__

45. ) The living state is a __________steady state to be able to perform work.____

46. ) Almost all enzymes are____________ but there are some_____________

that behave like enzymes and are called____________

47.) Rate of reaction refers to the amount of product formed____________

and is expressed as______________

48. ) A general rule of thumb is that rate doubles or decreases by half for every_____________C change in either 

direction. "_____

49. ) The formation of carbonic acid by CO, and H₂O without enzyme produces _____________molecules of H,CO, per hour, and with enzyme called ________produces________molecules of H₂CO, per second.___

50.)  Low temperature preserves the enzymes in a temporarily ____________state whereas high temperature destroys enzymatic activity because protein are __________by heat.__

51. ) When the binding of the chemical shuts off enzyme activity, the process is called___________ and the     

chemical is called an__________

52.) ___________ inhibitors are used in the control of bacterial pathogens.__

53.)  When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as__________ inhibitor.___

54.)  Enzymes are divided into ____________ classes each with 4-13 subclasses and named accordingly by a_____________-digit number.__

55.)  S reduced + S' oxidized. S________+S________

56.)  S-G+ S Transferase __________+___________

57. ) X-C-C-Y Pyaara ________+___________

58. ) The protein portion of the enzymes is called, ___________and non-proteinous constituent called______________

59.)  Coenzyme NAD and NADP contain the vitamin _______________

60.) _____________ is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase._____

Q.NO.

QUESTIONS

BIOMOLECULES

61.) For the extraction of biomolecule from living tissue. This tissue has to be grind in which chemical?______________

62.) If the tissue is fully burnt the remaining ash contain_____________

63.) In amino acid, the central carbon which contains an amino group and acidic group is called______________

64.) Amino acids are substituted______________

65.) A variable group is attached on a-carbon in amino acid called_____________

66.) How many amino acids are used in protein synthesis?____________

67.) If the-R group in proteinaceous amino acid is hydrogen then the amino acid is____________

68.) NH-CH-COO given structure represent which form of amino acid?___________

69.) Lipids are generally in water (soluble / insoluble)_________

70.) A fatty acid has two groups, -R group and_____

71.) How many number of carbon atoms are present in palmitic acid including carboxyl carbon?______________

72.) If the fatty acid contains one or more double bonds between

C-C atoms then it is___________

73.) Trihydroxy propane is also called______

74.) Lipids are classified into fat or oil on the basis of their________

75.) In monoglycerides, glycerol attached with fatty acid molecule by which bond?_______

76.) The melting point of oil is_______

(low/high)

77.)Which type of lipid is found in cell membrane______

78.) Living organisms have a number of carbon  compounds in which heterocyclic rings can be found. Some of these are nitrogenous bases____________

79.) Nitrogenous base + sugar =

80.) Nitrogenous base + sugar + phosphate =

81.) Molecular weight of biomicromolecule approx________

 (Less than 1000 dalton/more than 1000 dalton)_____

82.) In a polypeptide chain amino acids are linked together by which bond?_______

83.) Most abundant protein in animal world is_______

84.) Polysaccharide that acts as store house of energy in plant tissue is_______

85.) Inulin is a polymer of________

86.) True/False____

(i) A protein is a homopolymer not a heteropolymer_____

(ii) RUBISCO is the most abundant protein in the whole biosphere_______

(iii) Cellulose is a homopolymer_______

(iv) In polysaccharide chain (glycogen) the right end is called________

non reducing end______

(v) Starch has helical structure and it given lodine test_______

(vi) Cellulose contains a complex helical structure and can hold I______

(vii) Chitin is a heteropolymer______

87.) Exoskeleton of Arthropods is made up of_______

88.) deoxyribose sugar is present in________

89.) Peptide bonds are formed between which groups of amino acids?______

90.) The glycosidic bonds of polysaccharide are formed by which process?_______

91.) The backbone of DNA chain is formed by_________

92.) How many steps are involved in one complete tum of B-DNA?______

93.) The distance per base pair in B-DNA is_______

94.) Which structure provides the positional informtion of amino acid in a protein?______

95.) The first amino acid in peptide chain is also called_______

96.) Which protein form is necessary for the many biological activities?______

97.) When more than one polypeptide chains of tertiary structure are assembled together then called________

98.) In adult human haemoglobin, how many protein chains are present?_______

99.) Guanine is always base pair with______

100.) Give one example of sulphur containing amino acid______

101.) Some nucleic acids that behave like enzymes, are called_______

102.) An active site of an enzyme is a ___into which of the substrate fits.______

103.) Inorganic catalysts work efficiently at _______ while enzymes get dagamed at________

104.) ________is thus an important quality of those enzymes which isolated from thermophilic organisms.______

105.) The substrate has to diffuse towards the 'active site. There is thus, an ______formation of a ES complex.____

106.) Inhibition of succinic dehydrogenase by malonate which closely resembles the substrate________ in structure.____

107.) All enzymes catalysing inter-converion of optical, geometric or positional isomers, are known as_______

108.) Prosthetic groups are ______compounds and are distinguished from other cafactor in that they are _______.bound to the apoenzyme___

109.) High temperature destroys enzymatic activity because proteins are______ by heat.___

110.) When the inhibitor closely resembles the substrate in its molecular structure and inhibits the activity of the enzyme, it is known as______

111.) Enzymes catalysing the linking together of two compounds are known as______

112.) Haem is the prosthetic group in_______ and _____which catalyse the breakdown of hydrogen peroxide to water and oxygen.____

113.) Enzymes are divided into_____ classes each with _______subsclasses and named accordingly by a________digit number.__

114.) Each enzymes shows the highest activity at a particular temperature and pH called the _______temperature and______pH respectively.___

115.) During the state where substrate is bound to the enzyme active site a new structure of the substrate called______ structure is formed____

116.) Enzymes eventually bring ________the activation energy barrier making the transition of 'S' to 'P' more easy._____

117.) Rate can also be called velocity if the direction is specified._____

118.) Co-factor play a crucial role in the catalytic activity of the enzyme.______

119.) Transferases catalysing a transfer of hydrogen between a pair of substrate Sand S.____

120.) Co-enzymes are organic compounds but their association with the apoenzyme is only transient._____

121.) Zinc is a cofactor for the proteolytic enzyme carboxypeptidase._____

122.) The power of enzymes is increadible indeed.____

123.) In our skeletal muscle under aerobic conditions, lactic acid is formed._____

124.) Almost all enzymes are proteins.____

125.) Stability is something related to energy status of the molecules or the structure._____

126.) Coenzyme nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and NADP contain the vitamin niacin.____

127.) Which enzymes catalyse hydrolysis of ester, ether, peptide and glycosidic bonds?_____

128.) Which enzymes catalyse, removal of groups from substrates by mechanisms other then hydrolysis leaving double bonds?______

Answer

1. digestion; mechanical; biochemical

2. alimentary canal; glands

3. the codont

4. deciduous

5. diphyodont

6. 2123/2123

7. enamel

8. frenulum

9. papillae

10. J

11. gastro-oesophageal

12. cardiac

13. pyloric

14. duodenum; jejunum; ileum

15. pyloric

16. caecum; colon; rectum

17. caecum

18. vermiform appcaecu

19. colon

20. Serosa; mesothelium

21. smooth; circular; longitudnal

22. Brunner; submucosa

23. rugae; villi

24. mucosa

25. lacteal

26. microvilli; brush border

27. Mucosa; crypts of Lieberkuhn

28. Liver; two

29. hepatic lobules; cords

30. Glisson's capsule

31. cystic duct

32. hepato-pancreatic duct; sphincter of Oddi

33. pancreatic juice; hormones

34. bolus

35. degulgition

36. peristalsis

37. electrolytes; lysozyme

38. 30%; maltose

39. 6.8

40. chief; pepsinogen; pepsin; HCI

41. oxyntic; intrinsic factor

42. intrinsic; gastric

43. 4-5

44. chyme

45. 1.8

46. Rennin; milk

47. bile; pancreatic juice; intestinal juice

48. pancreas; enterokinase

49. cholestrol; phospholipids

50. emulsification; Lipase

51. succus entericus

52. bicarbonates; 7.8

53. Nucleotidase; sugars + base

54. fatty acid; glycerol

55. faeces; ileo-caecal

56. neural; hormonal

57. chylomicrons; lacteals

58. small intestine

59. stomach

60. neural reflex

61. voluntary

62. liver; bile pigment

63. medulla

64. rectum

65. bilirubin; biliverdin

66. Carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins and minerals.

67. Digestion

68. Alimentary canal and associated glands

69. Mouth, anus

70. Buccal cavity oral cavity

71. Mouth Bucal cavity Oropharynx → Oesophagus → Stomach → Small intestine Large intestine → Anus.

72. Teeth and mular tongue

73. Thecodont

74. Deciduous

75. (i) 32 (ii) 20

76. Incisors, Car es, Premolars, Molars

77. Heterodont

78. False. The a:gement of teeth in each half of the upper and lower jaw in the or, C, Pm, M is represented by a dental formula.

79.) 2102

80. Frenulum

C-Pulp cavity, D-

81. Papillae, taste buds

82. Pharynx

83. 2(Oesophagus, trachea)

84. Epiglottis, glottis

85. Glottis

86. Oesophagus

87. T-shaped

88. False. A muscular gastro-oesophageal sphincter regulates the opening of oesophagus into' stomach.

89. The J-shaped structure (stomach) of alimentary canal is located in the upper left portion of the abdominal cavity.

90. (i) Cardiac, (ii) Fundic, (iii) Body, (main central region) (iv) Pyloric

91. Pyloric, small

92. Duodenum → Jejunum → Ileum

93. Pyloric

ANSWERS

94. Carbohydrates, fats, proteins

95. Digestion

96. thecodont

97. diphyodont

98. frenulum

99. papillae

100. pharynx

101. Epiglottis, glottis.

 swallowing

102. A-Left, B-Cardiac, C-Fundic,

D-body, E-Pyloric

103. A-Duodenum, B-Jejunum,

C-lleum

104. Caecum

105. Duodenum

105a. Ascending, transvers,

descenting and sigmoid colon

106. Serosa, mesothelium

107. Loose connective tissue

108. Submucosa

109. Mucosa

110. Rugae, vill

111. Lacteal

112. Goblet cells

113. Three

114. Parotid, sublingual,

submandibular

115. Liver

116. Hepatic lobule

117. Gall bladder

118.Cystic duct

119. Two

120. Hepato pancreatic duct, sphincter of Oddi

121. Pancreatic juice, hormones

122. Mastication of food, swallowing of food

123.  Mucus, bolus

124. Gastro oesophageal sphincter

125. Salivary amylase

126. Starch, maltose

127. Oral cavity

128. Bolus

129. Chief/zymogen/peptic cell

130. Castle intrinsic factor

131. chyme

132. In the presence of concentrated HCI