FILL IN THE BLANK (ECOSYSTEM) NCERT BASED

*ECOSYSTEM* 

1. An ecosystem can be visualised as a________ unit of nature.

2. Living organisms interact _______and also with___________environment

3. Ecosystem varies greatly in size from a_________ to a large____________ or a

4. Many ecologists regard the entire ________ as a ________ecosystem  as a composite of all_____ecosystems on earth.

5.The two basic categories of ecosystems are ____________and the

6.________ and an________ may also be considered as man made ecosystems.

7. Interaction of __________and __________ _____________components result in a ____________structure that is characteristic for each type of ecosystem.

8. ________and ______of plant and animal species of an ecosystem gives its _____________composition

9. Vertical distribution of different___________occupying different levels is called________________

10. Stratification of species in a forest from top to bottom layers_______,_______an__________ respectively.

11. The four basic components of the ecosystems are seen to function as a uruts are_______,_______and____

12. The abiotic components in a pond ecosystem are_________with all dissolved __________and

_____________ substances and rich deposit__________ at the bottom. 

13._______,_____,______,and other climatic conditions regulate the rate of function of entire pond.

14. The autotrophic components in a pond are _____,______,____,and marginal plants found at the edges. 

15. The decomposers are the ________,___and______ _____especially  abundant in the bottom of the pond  

16. There is_______ movement of energy towards __________. trophic levels and its_______ and loss

as heat to the environment

17. A constant input of _______is the basic requirement for any ecosystem to ________and_______

18.______ is the amount of biomass or organic matter produced per unit area over a time period by plants during________

19. Primary production is expressed in terms of weight _______or energy_________

20. Productivity is divided into ________and_______

21. The rate of production of organic matter during photosynthesis is_______

22. A considerable energy is utilized by plants in_________

23. Gross primary production minus respiration is__________

24. _______is the available biomass for the consumption to heterotrophs( ___and___)

25. The rate of formation of new organic matter by consumers is________

26. __________is the available biomass for the consumption of carnivores.

27. Primary productivity depends on__________inhibiting a________and the environmental factors like

availability of______ and_____  of plants 

28. The annual net primary productivity of the whole biosphere is approximately _________. tons (dry weight) of organic matter. 

29. The productivity of the oceans are only about________ tons

30. The process of breakdown of complex organic matter (dead) into inorganic substances like______,_____ and______ is called

31. The raw material for decomposition is_______

32. The important steps in the process of decomposition in a sequence are_______,_______,_______,and_________respectively 

33.________ converted into smaller fragments by detritivore (eg:______)

34. Soluble inorganic nutrients go down into soil horizon and precipitated as________in decomposition is

35._______ and______ enzymes degrade detritus into simpler inorganic substances, this process is called________

36. ______,_____and _______operate simultaneously on detritus during decomposition.

D.B. ASSOCIATES

37.______ and _________occurring during decomposition in the soil

38. The dark coloured amorphous substance in the soil, which is highly resistant to microbial action is___________

39. Which event in the process decomposition that occurs in extremely slow rate__________

40. Based on aerobic /anaerobic process, decomposition is largely__________ process

41. The rate of decomposition is controlled by the_________ of detritus and___________

42. Decomposition is in slower rate, if detritus is rich in_________and_______ and quicker, if the

detritus is rich in_________

and water soluble_________

43. _______and______ are the most important climatic factors that regulate decomposition through_________

44._______ and_____ environment favours decomposition where as________  temperature and__________inhibit decomposition, resulting in buildup of ___________materials 

45. __________is the only source of energy for all ecosystems on earth except____________ecosystems.

46. Of the Incident solar radiation________ of it is photo synthetically Active Radiation

47. _____and ______fix sun's radiant energy to make food from simple inorganic materials.

48. Plants capture only________ % of the PAR and such small amount of energy sustain entire living 

world.(blank removed

49. All organisms are dependent for the food on _________either directly/indirectly

50. There is a_______ flow of energy from to_________ and then to____

51. In terrestrial ecosystems, major producers are _____and_____plants, Aquatic ecosystems are_______and_____and

higher plants. 

52. The______ or_____ is formed in nature because of interdependency between plants and 

animals.

53. "No energy that is trapped into the organism remains in it forever" yes/no.

54. Death of organism is the beginning of the______ food chin/web.

55. Animals feeding directly producers are called________ which are______

56. The common herbivores_____,_____.and ______in terrestrial ecosystem and________________

37.______ and _________occurring during decomposition in the soil

38. The dark coloured amorphous substance in the soil, which is highly resistant to microbial action is___________

39. Which event in the process decomposition that occurs in extremely slow rate__________

40. Based on aerobic /anaerobic process, decomposition is largely__________ process

41. The rate of decomposition is controlled by the_________ of detritus and___________

42. Decomposition is in slower rate, if detritus is rich in_________and_______ and quicker, if the

detritus is rich in_________

and water soluble_________

43. _______and______ are the most important climatic factors that regulate decomposition through_________

44._______ and_____ environment favours decomposition where as________  temperature and__________inhibit decomposition, resulting in buildup of ___________materials 

45. __________is the only source of energy for all ecosystems on earth except____________ecosystems.

46. Of the Incident solar radiation________ of it is photo synthetically Active Radiation

47. _____and ______fix sun's radiant energy to make food from simple inorganic materials.

48. Plants capture only________ % of the PAR and such small amount of energy sustain entire living 

world.(blank removed

49. All organisms are dependent for the food on _________either directly/indirectly

50. There is a_______ flow of energy from to_________ and then to____

51. In terrestrial ecosystems, major producers are _____and_____plants, Aquatic ecosystems are_______and_____and

higher plants. 

52. The______ or_____ is formed in nature because of interdependency between plants and 

animals.

53. "No energy that is trapped into the organism remains in it forever" yes/no.

54. Death of organism is the beginning of the______ food chin/web.

55. Animals feeding directly producers are called________ which are______

56. The common herbivores_____,_____.and in terrestrial ecosystem and______in aquatic ecosystems.

57. Animals that depends on primary carnivores are_________

58 The consumers that feed on herbivores are more correctly_________ (though secondary consumers)

59. _______and_____ meet their energy and nutrient requirements by degrading dead organic matter or detritus, which are also known as________

60. In an aquatic ecosystem _______is the major conduit for energy flow.

61. The natural inter connection of food chains make it a_______

62. Organisms occupy a place in the natural surroundings or in a________ . according to their_________with other organisms

63. Based on the source of ________ organisms occupy a specific place in the food chain that is known as

64. In a food chin, the amount of energy. __________at successive trophic levels.

65. Each trophic level has certain mass of living material at a particular time called__________

66. The number of trophic levels in the________ is restricted as the transfer of energy fellows___________

67. Only__________

of energy is transferred to each trophic level from lower trophic level

68, ________express the relationship in terms of number, biomass or energy in each trophic level.

69. Which one of the following organism occupy more than one trophic level in a pond ecosystem Fish, Frog, phytoplankton, Zooplankton

70. Inverted pyramid of biomass in aquatic ecosystem a small standing crop of_________ supports high standing crop of __________

71. In an ecological pyramid, the trophic level represents a______ not a_______as such

72. A sparrow is a ---------------consumer when it eats seeds, fruits, peas and________consumer when it eats insects and worms.

73. In most ecosystems all pyramids of number of energy and biomass are__________

74. In pyramid of numbers insects feeding on a big tree, which are fed by smaller birds, which are in turn fed by larger birds results in ________ pyramid

75. Pyramid of_________ is always upright can be never be inverted.

76. The pyramid of biomass in sea is generally ______ because the biomass of_______ far exceeds that of

77. According to certain limitations, ecological pyramid does not accommodate food chains or food web?_____

78. In an Ideal pyramid of energy, primary producers convert only___________  of the energy in the

sunlight available to them into_____________

79. The base of the ecological pyramid represents___________ (the first trophic level) while the apex represents__________ consumer. 

80._________ are not given any place in ecological pyramids even they play a vital role in the ecosystem.

81. The ecosystem that has maximum biomass is-------------

82. The term ecosystem was coined by--------------

83. The primary producers of the deep sea hydrothermal vent ecosystem----------------

84. If 20j of energy is trapped at producer level then how much of energy will be available to tertiary carnivore is----------

85. The transfer of energy from trophic level to another is governed by ----------the average efficiency transfer from herbivore to carnivore is----------

86. Among the following ecosystem, upright pyramid of number is absent in Pond/forest/lake/grass land, (tick the correct one)

87. Highest annual primary productivity is in Tropical rain forest/Tropical deciduous forest/Tropical evergreen forest (tick the correct one)

88. Presence of plants arranged into well defined vertical layers depending on their height can best seen in------------forest

89. What type of ecological pyramid would be obtained with the following data?---------------

Secondary consumers: 120g, Primary consumers:60g.Primary producers: 10g

90. In relation to GPP and NPP of the ecosystem, (tick correct one) GPP-NPP/GPP NPP/GPP>NPP/GPP NPP __________________.

91.) How many of the following can be categorised under man made ecosystem?_______

Lake, Wetland, Pond, Cropland, River, Aquarium, Estuary__________

92.) Different species of plants occupy various levels in the forest ecosystem. Such distribution is called__________.

93.) The basic requirement for any ecosystem to function and sustain is______

94.) Production and productivity can be represented by x, and y respectively._______

95.) Representation of production and productivity in terms of energy__________

96.) A rabbit feeds on grass and gains 1 kg weight within two months, this rate of biomass gain is termed as_________

97.) The NPP of whole biosphere is A out of which NPP of oceans is B.________

98.) Despite covering 70% of surface, oceans show very low productivity because________

99.) How much amount of carbon is fixed in biosphere through photosynthesis annually?__________

100.) The price tag given to fundamental ecosystem services is approximately__________

101.) If 1,000,000 J of sunlight is provided to a food chain what is the amount of energy present at top consumer level if food chain have four trophic level.________

ECOSYSTEM. {ANSWER}

1. Functional unit

2. Among themselves, physical

3. Small pond, Forest, Sea

4. Biosphere, global, local

5. Terrestrial, aquatic

6. Crop fields, aquarium

7. Biotic, abiotic, physical

8. Identification, enumeration, species

9. Species, Stratification

10. Forest, shrubs, herbs, grasses

11. Productivity, Decomposition, Energy flow, Nutrient cycling.

12. Water, inorganic, organic, soil

13. Solar input, cycle of Temperature,day length

14. Phytoplankton, Algae, floating

15. Fungi, bacteria, flagellates

16. Unidirectional, higher, dissipation

17. Solar energy, Function, Sustain

18. Primary production, photosynthesis

19. gm, k cal m

20. Gross primary productivity (GPP) and NPP

21. Grass primary productivity

22. Respiration

23. NPP(Net primary productivity)

24. Net primary productivity, herbivores, Decomposers.

25. Secondary productivity

26. NSP(Net secondary productivity)

27. Plant species, particular area, nutrients, photosynthetic capacity

28. 170 billion

29. 55 billion

30. Carbon-dioxide, water nutrients, decomposition

31. Detritus

32. Fragmentation, leaching, catabolism, humification and mineralization

33. Detritus, earthworm

34. Unavailable salts, leaching

35. Bacterial, Fungal, catabolism

36. Fragmentation, leaching, catabolism

37. Humification, mineralization

38. Humus

39. Mineralisation

40. Aerobic/oxygen requiring process

41. Chemical composition, climatic factors

42. Lignin, chitin, nitrogen, sugars

43. Temperature, soil moisture

44. Warm, moist environment, low, anaerobiosis, organic

45. Sun deep sea hydro-thermal

46. Less than 50 percent

47. Plants, photosynthetic bacteria

48. 2-10 percent entire

49. Producers

50. Unidirectional, sun, producers, consumers

51. Herbaceous, woody, phytoplankton, algae

52. Food chain, food web

53. Yes(correct statement)

54. Detritus

55. Primary consumer, herbivores

56. Insects, birds, mammals, molluscs

57. Secondary carnivores

58. Primary carnivores

59. Fungi, bacteria, saprotrophs

60. GFC (Grazing food chain)

61. Food web

62. Community, feeding relationship

63. Nutrition, trophic level

64. Decreases

65. Standing crop

66. Grazing food chain,      

       10 percent law..

67. 10 percent

68. Ecological pyramids

69. Fish(primary consumer, primary carnivore)

70. phytoplankton, zooplankton

71. Functional level, species

72. Primary, secondary

73. Upright

74. Spindle shaped

75. Energy

76. Inverted, fishes, phytoplankton

77. Food web

78. 1% (one percent), NPP

79. Producers, tertiary/Toplevel

80. Saprophytes

81. Tropical rain forest

82. A.G.Tansley

83. Chemosysnthetic bacteria

84. 0.02j

85. Law of thermodynamics, 10% percent.

86. Forest(spindle shape)

87. Tropical rain forest

88. Tropical rain forest

89. Inverted pyramid of biomass

90. Gross primary productivity is greater than Net primary productivity(GPP>NPP)

91.) Cropland and Aquarium (Pond may be natural or man made)

92.) Stratification or vertical stratification

93.) Constant solar input

94.) x-gm/m²

y-gm/m²/yr

95.) kcal/m³ (Production)

kcal/m²/yr (Productivity)

96.) Secondary productivity.

97.) A-170 billion tons

B-55 billion tons

98.) Producers are micro-organisms (Phytoplankton), N, deficiency, light limiting factor in aquatic ecosystem

99.) 4 x 1013 kg

100.) US $33 trillion

101.) 10 J

(Because only 1% of total sunlight is available to plants)